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STATUS GIZI : memang tak pernah sepi dari gonjang ganjing. Penggunaan klasifikasi yang tak pernah permanen. Rujukan yang sering gonta ganti. Praktisi di lapangan yang dibikin bingung, apalagi kader posyandu. Kenapa bisa begitu ?. Apa tidak bisa dipermanenkan ?. Siapa yang bertanggung jawab dalam hal ini. Nah kalau sudah ditanya yang bertanggung jawab, tidak satupun yang mau nunjuk tangan. Tapi giliran ditanya siapa yang berjasa, semua memberikan argumentasi. Baku Rujukan WHO-NCHS yang selama ini diyakini benar, dan 'harus' dipakai secara International, saat ini ditemukan kelemahannya. Yang menganjurkan digunakan adalah WHO dan yang mengeluarkan tandingannya juga WHO. Ada apa dengan 2 Baku Rujukan ini. Ikuti 2 makalah utama yang kami download dari situs resmi WHO berikut ini.
anthro2005

Tampilan StartUP logo dari Software Antropometri WHO2006. Dipublikasi tahun 2007.

Dalam sioftware ini tidak saja hanya ada antropometri, tapi juga ada milestone. Perkembangan mental anak yang disesuaikan dengan umurnya. Simak manual penilaian motorik di bawah ini juga

Ikuti diskusi (FAQ) di situs WHO


Di bawah ini kami sajika 3 buah dikumen utama yang wajib dibaca oleh Peminat Gizi, khususnya yang berkecimpung dalam bidang per'antropometrian' di Indonesia. Semoga bermanfaat ..!

WHO2005 versus WHO-NCHS

Comparison of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards and the National Center for Health Statistics/WHO international growth reference: implications for child health programmes
Mercedes de Onis1,*, Adelheid W Onyango1, Elaine Borghi1, Cutberto Garza2
and Hong Yang1, for the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group†
1Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland:
2Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
Submitted 23 May 2006: Accepted 27 June 2006

Abstract

Objectives: To compare growth patterns and estimates of malnutrition based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards (‘the WHO standards’) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO international growth reference (‘the NCHS reference’), and discuss implications for child health programmes. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data to compare growth patterns (birth to 12 months) and data from two cross-sectional surveys to compare estimates of malnutrition among under-fives. Settings: Bangladesh, Dominican Republic and a pooled sample of infants from North America and Northern Europe. Subjects: Respectively 4787, 10 381 and 226 infants and children. Results: Healthy breast-fed infants tracked along the WHO standard’s weight-for-age mean Z-score while appearing to falter on the NCHS reference from 2 months onwards. Underweight rates increased during the first six months and thereafter decreased when based on the WHO standards. For all age groups stunting rates were higher according to the WHO standards. Wasting and severe wasting were substantially higher during the first half of infancy. Thereafter, the prevalence of severe wasting continued to be 1.5 to 2.5 times that of the NCHS reference. The increase in overweight rates based on the WHO standards varied by age group, with an overall relative increase of 34%. Conclusions: The WHO standards provide a better tool to monitor the rapid and changing rate of growth in early infancy. Their adoption will have important implications for child health with respect to the assessment of lactation performance and the adequacy of infant feeding. Population estimates of malnutrition will vary by age, growth indicator and the nutritional status of index populations.
KEYWORDS : Growth standards Ant. Dokument lengkap download (site ANDALEH) disini
. file asli download disini (site WHO) Lihat dokumen lain


WHO2005 versus CDC 2000

Comparison of the WHO Child Growth Standards and the CDC 2000 Growth Charts1
Mercedes de Onis,2* Cutberto Garza,3 Adelheid W. Onyango,2 and Elaine Borghi2
2Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland and 3Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA

Abstract
The evaluation of child growth trajectories and the interventions designed to improve child health are highly dependent on the growth charts used. The U.S. CDC and the WHO, in May 2000 and April 2006, respectively, released new growth charts to replace the 1977 NCHS reference. The WHO charts are based for the first time on a prescriptive, prospective, international sample of infants selected to represent optimum growth. This article compares the WHO and CDC curves and evaluates the growth performance of healthy breast-fed infants according to both. As expected, there are important differences between the WHO and CDC charts that vary by age group, growth indicator, and specific Z-score curve. Differences are particularly important during infancy, which is likely due to differences in study design and characteristics of the sample, such as type of feeding. Overall, the CDC charts reflect a heavier, and somewhat shorter, sample than the WHO sample. This results in lower rates of undernutrition (except during the first 6 mo of life) and higher rates of overweight and obesity when based on the WHO standards. Healthy breast-fed infants track along the WHO standard’s weight-for-age mean Z-score while appearing to falter on the CDC chart from 2 mo onwards. Shorter measurement intervals in the WHO standards result in a better tool for monitoring the rapid and changing rate of growth in early infancy. Their adoption would have important implications for the assessment of lactation performance and the adequacy of infant feeding and would bring coherence between the tools used to assess growth and U.S. national guidelines that recommend breast-feeding as the optimal source of nutrition during infancy. J. Nutr. 137: 144–148, 2007.

Dokument lengkap, download dari situs WHO


Assessmentof gross motor developtment in WHO Multicenter Grouth Refference Study

Semunya ada disini : Silahkan diakses ...!

tangan

Dokumen Lengkap Publikasi di Website WHO

Assessment of sex differences and heterogeneity in motor milestone
attainment among populations in the WHO Multicentre Growth
Reference Study

WHO MULTICENTRE GROWTH REFERENCE STUDY GROUP1,2
1Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, and 2Members of the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group (listed at the end of the first paper in this supplement)

Abstract
Aim: To assess the heterogeneity of gross motor milestone achievement ages between the sexes and among study sites participating in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS). Methods: Six gross motor milestones (sitting without support, hands-and-knees crawling, standing with assistance, walking with assistance, standing alone, and walking alone) were assessed longitudinally in five of the six MGRS sites, namely Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the USA. Testing was started at 4 mo of age and performed monthly until 12 mo, and bimonthly thereafter until all milestones were achieved or the child reached 24 mo of age. Four approaches were used to assess heterogeneity of the ages of milestone achievement on the basis of sex or study site. Results: No significant, consistent differences in milestone achievement ages were detected between boys and girls, nor were any site/sex interactions noted. However, some differences among sites were observed. The contribution of inter-site heterogeneity to the total variance was B/5% for those milestones with the least heterogeneous ages of achievement (hands-and-knees crawling, standing alone, and walking alone) and nearly 15% for those with the most heterogeneous ages of achievement (sitting without support, standing with assistance, and walking with assistance).
Conclusion: Inter-site differences, most likely due to culture-specific care behaviours, reflect normal development among healthy populations across the wide range of cultures and environments included in the MGRS. These analyses support the appropriateness of pooling data from all sites and for both sexes for the purpose of developing an international standard for
gross motor development. Key Words: Gross motor milestones, longitudinal, motor skills, standards, young child development. Artikel selengkapnya Download disini
Lihat dokument lain di website WHO


Manual Software Anthro2005

© World Health Organization 2006.
All rights reserved.
WHO Software Licence Agreement

On the use of the WHO Anthro 2005, Beta version 17th Feb, 2006. Software for assessing growth and development of the world's children. This End User License Agreement accompanies the WHO Anthro software 2005 for PC and all related documentation. It refers to this current software version and any upgrades or modified versions of it licensed by WHO. Please read this Agreement carefully before starting the installation. By installing this software you (the User) accept all the terms and conditions of this Agreement. The software and all related documentation are and shall at all times remain the intellectual property of the World Health Organization. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to convey to the User any title or ownership of the software or the related documentation. The software is being made available by WHO for use in its present form for the application of the WHO Child Growth Standards. With identification of the source, WHO Anthro 2005 may be freely distributed and copied, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with any commercial or promotional purpose The User is not permitted to modify, adapt, translate, reverse-engineer, decompile, disassemble, or otherwise attempt to discover the source code of the software, without prior permission from WHO. Users interested in developing any derived products are asked to contact: Department of Nutrition, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (fax: +41 22 791 4156). In addition, the User is not permitted to use any part of the contents of the software to develop a product that is to be sold or licensed for a fee. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this software. However, the software is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the use of the software lies with the User. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Selengkapnya download disini di www.andaleh.com atau ambil langsung dari Website WHO lihat semua dokument disini

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